Al-Kunooze Scientific Journal A Scientific and Peer Reviewed Journal Published by Al-Kunooze University. Date of First issue is 2019. The journal issued biannually double blinded Peer review. Starting from Jan, 2025 this Journal publish only Scientific paper in English language.
Comparative Analysis of Extraction Techniques for Enhancing the Photoprotective Activity of Boswellia Species Resin
Section: Biology This study investigates the photoprotective properties of Boswellia species resin, commonly known as frankincense, and evaluates its potential as a natural sunscreen agent. Considering the increasing interest in natural skincare alternatives, this research examines the ultraviolet (UV) absorption characteristics and the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of frankincense extracts. Three distinct formulations were prepared: a standard zinc oxide suspension, a macerated frankincense extract, and a sonicated frankincense extract. Spectrophotometric analysis was employed to determine the absorbance spectra in the 290-320 nm range, and SPF values were calculated using the Mansur equation. In addition, a preliminary phytochemical screening of the frankincense resin was conducted to identify the presence of key bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids. Results indicated that the sonicated frankincense extract exhibited a significantly higher SPF value than the macerated extract and the standard zinc oxide suspension. This suggests that the extraction method significantly influences the photoprotective efficacy of the resin. The phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids in frankincense. This study scientifically validates the traditional use of frankincense in skincare, highlighting its potential as a natural source of UV protection. The findings highlight the importance of extraction techniques in optimizing the photoprotective properties of natural products
Copyright (c) 2025 Al-Kunooze Scientific Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Isolation and diagnosis of beta-carotene from carrot juice residues and its use to prolong the shelf life of yogurt
Section: Agriculture Categories: Agriculture Carrots are one of the most consumed vegetables around the world and the production of juice leads to large amounts of carrot juice residues, which is one of the main by-products, which are rich in fiber and high amounts of carotenoids and phenolic compounds that can contribute to improving the quality of food products, in this study yogurt was manufactured using 0, 2.5 and 5 g of carrot juice residues and added to yogurt, The results obtained showed that the estimate of the chemical composition of carrot juice residues for moisture, ash, fat, protein and fiber where the ratios were 67.84, 4.25, 3.42, 2.83, 12.7% respectively and beta-carotene was diagnosed for carrot juice residues by HPLC device, and the total dissolved solids were 18, 25 and 45% respectively, and protein 7.48, 7.77 and 7.90% respectively. Fats of 19.58, 19.77 and 19.84%, respectively, and ash 8.15, 8.33 and 8.48%, respectively, were higher in carrot-residual yogurt samples than in the control sample. As well as the gradual decrease in total humidity 7.11, 7.08 and 7.00% respectively, and pH 4.63, 4.58 and 4.51% during the progress of the storage period accompanied by a rise in pH 0.60, 0.64 and 0.67% higher than the percentages in the comparison sample. The density increased by 0.2, 0.4 and 0.7%, respectively, and the viscosity of 99.87, 105.7 and 113.35%, respectively, in the yogurt samples significantly increased by increasing the concentration of carrot juice residues. As the storage period progressed, the scores for the sensory characteristics of the samples decreased, while the samples with a concentration of 2.5 g obtained the highest scores for the sensory characteristics. These results will be useful for those interested in the food industry in integrating carrots and offal with yogurt to improve the quality and value of food products.
Ashraq Monir Mahmed ; Athraa Ghazwan Hashim Shokr
Analysis of UreC, MrpA, HpmA, and UreR Genes in Proteus mirabilis and Their Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Section: Medical Sciences Categories: Medical Sciences Keywords: Proteus mirabilis , snp, ure genes Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen commonly implicated in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in both humans and animals. This study aimed to isolate and identify P. mirabilis from urine samples of humans, cats, and dogs, and to evaluate the presence and genetic variability of selected virulence genes. A total of 150 urine samples (50 from each host species) were collected using sterile techniques. Isolation was performed on HiCrome UTI agar, and identification was confirmed using the VITEK-2 system. PCR was employed to detect four virulence genes: ureC, hpmA, mrpA, and ureR, followed by sequencing and SNP analysis. Out of the 150 samples, 18 isolates were identified as P. mirabilis. DNA sequencing revealed varying numbers of SNPs among the genes, with mrpA exhibiting the highest polymorphism (5605 SNPs), suggesting potential genetic diversity and adaptation mechanisms. These findings highlight the zoonotic potential of P. mirabilis and emphasize the importance of molecular characterization to understand its virulence and evolutionary dynamics in different hosts.
Hussein A. Naser, Basil a. Abbas, Ali B. AlDeewan
The Vital Role of Quail Eggs in Promoting the General Health of human: A Review
Section: Agriculture Categories: Agriculture Keywords: Antioxidants, Blood Sugar Regulation, Cardiovascular Health, Fertility Enhancement, Joint Health Quail eggs are a highly nutritious food that has a positive impact on many aspects of general health. Scientific research has shown that quail eggs effectively contribute to regulating blood sugar levels, as they help improve the body's response to insulin, which contributes to reducing blood glucose levels and enhancing the prevention of diabetes. In addition, quail eggs play an important role in improving heart health by reducing levels of harmful cholesterol (LDL) and increasing levels of good cholesterol (HDL), which reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Quail eggs are also rich in antioxidant compounds such as selenium and vitamin E, which help reduce oxidative stress and improve blood vessel health. In addition, studies indicate that quail eggs enhance fertility in men and women, as they contain essential minerals and vitamins that contribute to enhancing reproductive functions and regulating hormone levels. Regarding joint health, quail eggs appear to contain essential fatty acids such as omega-3 and collagen, which contribute to reducing inflammation and relieving joint pain. In general, quail eggs are considered a complete nutritional option that promotes overall health through their multiple effects on the body's vital functions.
Ahmed A. Al-Salhi, A. H. Awadh, H.S. Abbas, S.A. Abbas
Effect of selenium and vitamin (E) on some blood parameters and liver enzymes(GPT,GOT)
Section: Biology Categories: Biology The results of blood factor analysis of rabbits given (10) micrograms of selenium orally, and those given (10) micrograms of selenium with 0.4 mg of vitamin E added for (30) days showed a clear significant decrease in the values ​​of hemoglobin Hb, the number of red blood cells RBC, and the values ​​of packed red blood cell volume PCV in the treated rabbits. MCV and MCH values ​​also significantly increased in rabbits given selenium, and then significantly increased in rabbits treated with selenium supplemented with vitamin E compared to the control group. A significant increase in the number of white blood cells was also observed in the selenium and vitamin E group compared to the selenium and control groups at a probability level of P = 0.05. Regarding the differential count, the number of lymphocytes was significantly higher compared to the control group (Figure (7)). The values ​​of the GPT and GOT enzymes also significantly increased (P = 0.05) in the selenium-treated rabbits, while these values ​​decreased in the selenium and vitamin E group but remained higher than in the control group.
Isolation and Identification of Salmonella typhimurium in local and imported frozen chicken meat in Province of Basrah/Iraq
Section: Medical Sciences Categories: Medical Sciences Keywords: Bacteria; Salmonella typhimurium ;gram negative During the period from January to June 2023, 142 samples of local and imported frozen chicken meat were collected from Al-Basrah markets and surveyed for the occurrence of Salmonella typhimurium, depending on the area of collection, 72 samples from local frozen chicken and 70 imported frozen chicken. The number of samples that gave a positive result for Salmonella typhimurium (96) and identification was done according to IS06579 rules. Also, morphological, cultural, microscopical characterization, and biochemical tests were studied. All the isolates were subjected to API 20E to ensure the identification, and the antibiotic sensitivity was investigated for all isolates of S. typhimurium, which showed multiple resistance patterns.
Bacteria; Salmonella typhimurium ;gram negative
The relationship between Vitamin D status and C-reactive Protein CRP with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Iraqi Older Patients
Section: Biology Categories: Medical Sciences Vitamin D stimulates macrophages and epithelial and immune cell development of antimicrobial peptides, which may be significant in Bacterial or viral infection eradication. Case control study was carried out from 1/August 2020 till 15 /September 2020. A total of (100) subjects from (50±2) years old age and older were attending the Health centers of Baghdad City . The study includes 100 samples divided into 2 groups (or categories) : Fifty patients with coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) and Fifty apparently healthy subjects (as control). The mean(M) ±standard error of mean (SE) of vitamin D in (ng/ml) for corona virus patients was (14.57± 1.17), while for control group was (39.70 ± 2.23),a very highly significant difference (P<0.001) was found between patients and control groups. The finding of this study shown reduced in the mean level of vitamin D less than (30 ng/ml), the mean(M) ±standard error of mean (SE) of C-reactive protein (CRP) in (ng/ml) for corona virus patients was (1.98 ± 0.15), while for control group was (0.67 ± 0.04),a very highly significant difference (P<0.001) was found between patients and control groups. All (50) patient with corona virus shown elevated in level of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level. Weak negative correlation (-0.189) with insignificant differences (P=0.224) were observed between vitamin D and C-reactive protein (CRP).
Esam Fadel Al-Jumaili, Muntaha Ali Hussein
Some Inflammatory Cytokine Profiling in Bladder Cancer Patients with and without Urinary Tract Infections
Section: Medical Sciences Categories: Medical Sciences Keywords: Cytokine Profiling, Bladder Cancer, Urinary Tract Infections. Background: Excessive inflammation in bladder cancer cases often leads to complications, and UTIs have been shown to strengthen existing bladder inflammation. IL-1β and TNF-α function as a crucial substance during this process. The inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory cytokines, guideinfection defense against UTIs and cancer susceptibility and progression. Aim of the study: The first objective of this research was to assess and differentiate IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations in bladder cancer patients with recurring orwithout UTIs. This research examined how UTIs affect bladder cancer patients' inflammatory cytokines in their bloodstream while studying whether such infections correlate with cytokine measurements. Methods: Researchers obtained 76 blood samples totaling 2ml from bladder cancer patients throughout the Oncology Center in Najaf Governorate from June 2024 until December 2024. This investigation included patient populations between the ages of 45 to 75 years. Researchers measured IL-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) concentrations through bladder cancer samples obtained from 40 patients with UTIs versus samples obtained from 36 patients who did not develop UTIs. Blood samples were collected from healthy individuals to serve as a control group. Results: This study analyzed 76 blood samples from bladder cancer patients,40 of whom also had a urinary tract infection (UTI), including 30 males and 10 females aged 50–75. The remaining 36 patients, all males aged 60–70, had bladder cancer without UTI. Additionally, 30 healthy individuals served as controls. Immunological analysis showed significantly elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in bladder cancer patients with UTI compared to those without UTI and the control group. Notably, TNF-α levels were highest in the UTI group (1.7525 ± 0.0693) and progressively lower in non-UTI patients and controls. A similar pattern was seen for IL-1β, with UTI patients showing the highest levels (1.7217 ± 0.0387), followed by non-UTI patients (1.2705 ± 0.0557), and controls (0.7585 ± 0.0458). These differences were statistically significant (p = 0.0001).
Cytokine Profiling, Bladder Cancer, Urinary Tract Infections.
Enhancing IoT Smart Door Lock Security Using Chameleon Swarm Algorithm, SHA-256, and ECC
Section: Mathematics and Computer Science Categories: Mathematics and Computer Science The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, spanning from smart home appliances to wearable technology, has significantly heightened concerns regarding security and privacy across various sectors. As cyber threats become increasingly sophisticated and frequent, the urgency for robust, adaptable security frameworks within IoT infrastructures is more critical than ever. This study introduces a cutting-edge security framework tailored for IoT-based smart door locks, which employs a novel integration of the Chameleon Swarm Algorithm (CSA), Secure Hash Algorithm SHA-256, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). We conducted comprehensive performance evaluations in a Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 environment, where our proposed framework was benchmarked against conventional hybrid methods based on Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Firefly Algorithm such as - SHA-256-ECC-GA and SHA-256-ECC-FA. These evaluations demonstrated that our framework significantly enhances security performance, achieving up to 15.17% faster encoding times at 100 iterations and markedly quicker decoding times at 150 iterations compared to the benchmark techniques. The improvements confirm the framework’s effectiveness in not only bolstering IoT device security but also in its potential for scalability and adaptability across diverse IoT applications. Furthermore, the integration of advanced algorithms like CSA, SHA-256, and ECC effectively addresses critical vulnerabilities, particularly in smart door locks, thereby paving the way for safer, more secure IoT environments. This study exemplifies how innovative cryptographic techniques can be strategically applied to meet the evolving security demands of the IoT landscape.
HISTOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE KIDNEY IN ONE – HUMPED CAMEL (Camelus dromedarius)
Section: Biology Categories: Biology The current study was carried in the college of Veterinary Medicine-University of Basrah for observing the histological and ultrastructural of the kidney in one-humped camel. In this study 10 adult healthy kidneys of one-humped camel bought from slaughterhouse of Al-Samawah city, (2-3) years in summer (2020). The histological study include 5 kidneys investigated by using histological methods, the samples were fixed with 10% formaldehyde solution, three stains were used H&E, PAS and Mallory. Five kidneys were used for ultrastructural study, samples were then processed for ultrastructural technique. The histological examination show that high number of long loops of Henle and vasa recta in the kidney and the density percentage of renal corpuscles more in the midcortical region than in a juxtamedullary region and the diameter of renal corpuscle was nearly similar in midcortical and in juxtamedullary region. The nephron was investigated by transmission electron microscopy is unique in having thick basal lamina, the thickest being found in part of the parietal layer of Bowman, s capsule and the thin loop of Henle. The characteristics above showed that the one – humped camel ͗s kidney possessed a high reabsorption and hence promoting the production of high concentrated urine.
Colorimetric determination of serum lipid profile in obese patients in association with diabetes
Section: Manuscript Categories: Medical Sciences, Chemistry Keywords: Keyword: lipid profile, diabetes and obesity Abstract: Obesity is a serious problem for numerous people especially, those who have chronic diseases. In this project total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were determined for 80 adults with obesity, including (40) men 20 of those have type 2 diabetes and (40) women similarly as men 20 of those have the same type of disease. All patients have body mass index BMI (40 > kg/m2) were selected alongside 30 non obese as a control group which have BMI (20-25 kg/m2). It has been found that the levels of all the parameters except HDL displayed a significant increase in overweight persons while the HDL level was observed a significant decrease in comparison with control. The effect of gender and diabetes on the level of all parameters has been investigated. The results suggested that lipid profile measurement is a good indicator to control oxidative stress production and inflammation. The aim of this study is to highlighted the relationship between obesity and sugar sensitivity according to serum lipid profile measurements.
Keyword: lipid profile, diabetes and obesity
Rana A. Al-Refai’, S. Al-Obaidy, Z. Al-Ali, A. Al Qayyim
Exploring Dietary Carbohydrate and Fiber Intake Patterns among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes Control
Section: Biology Categories: Biology Keywords: Dietary, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Type 2 Diabetes, Diabetes Control Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a significant health problem. Many studies have reported that intensive nutritional intervention by itself or in addition to medications is the best method to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, helps improve diabetes outcomes by assisting patients in achieving a target glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of <7. Aim of Study: Exploring dietary carbohydrate and fiber intake pattern in patients with with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and its effect on diabetes control on sample of adults in Thi-qar Governorate /Iraq. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 250 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes who were attending Thi-Qar Specialized Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism Center (TDEMC), The data was gathered through in-person interviews with patients through questionnaires distributed on the basis of axes (Socio-demographic and health characteristics of participants, Assessment of carbohydrates and fibres intake patterns of patients. Results: The results of this study indicate that 88.4% of patients follow foods that contain unhealthy carbohydrates. While 11.6% of diabetic patients follow a healthy diet. Iin contrast, the results of this study indicate that 47.6% of patients follow healthy foods that contain fibers, 39.6% of patients with T2DM follow neutral fiber diet. While 12.8% of diabetic patients follow a unhealthy fiber diet.A very high percentage ( 86.4%) of the patients with T2DM have high levels of HbA1c. The mean of HbA1c was 8.97±2.237 (with range; 5.7-14.9). Additionally, the results found there were negative correlation between HbA1c with carbohydrates scores and fiber scores (r=-0.504 and r=-0.312) respectively. Conclusion: This cross-sectional study showed that there was negative correlation between HbA1c with carbohydrates scores and fiber scores.
Dietary, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Type 2 Diabetes, Diabetes Control
Hadeer B Rabie, Jabbar T Ahmed , Wasen A Ali , Mahmood T Altemimi
Patients' Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use: A Cross-Sectional Study in Al-Najaf City Hospitals, Iraq
Section: Medical Sciences Categories: Medical Sciences Keywords: Patients', Antibiotic, Practices, Hospitals. Background: Antibiotics are important medicines that require great awareness in their use to avoid bacterial resistance, as their misuse is considered one of the most prominent global health challenges. Objective: this study aims to assess the level of practice of patients toward antibiotics use. Methodology: cross-sectional study was conducted in selected government hospitals in Al-Najaf city from 1 September 2024 until the end of January 2025 to assess the practice of patients on antibiotic use. Data were collected from 400 patients using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS-27. Results: the results of this study indicate that 59.8% of patients have a moderate practice score, followed by 20.2% of the participants have a good practice score, and only 20.0% of patients have a poor practice score. The results of this study reveal that there is a significant relationship between demographic characteristics (such as age groups, residence, gender, marital status, educational level, high professional occupation and socioeconomic status) and overall practices score (P. value <0.05). Conclusion: The study conclude that more than half of patients have moderate level of practices about antibiotic use. The study concludes that older married patients who live in urban areas, have high education level, high occupational status, and high socio-economic status have good practice score toward antibiotics.
Patients', Antibiotic, Practices, Hospitals.
Anwer Kadhim Bazma, Wisam Abdul-Ameer Ali Fareed , Jabbar Taresh Ahmed
Evaluation of Knowledge and Perceptions Regarding Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Among Adults Attending City Center Nasiriyah Hospitals / Iraq
Section: Medical Sciences Categories: Medical Sciences Keywords: Evaluation, Knowledge, Perceptions, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Adult, Nasiriyah Hospitals, BMI Background: The widespread consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), particularly by adults in developing nations, contributes to increased diet-related health issues. Food choices and consumption are influenced by several factors, including people's views toward food and their understanding of nutrition, which empowers them to make well-informed food choices. Objective: To assess adults' perceptions and understanding of SSBs who attend hospitals. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design utilizing a non-random convenient sampling technique, with a target sample of 384 participants, was employed to assess knowledge and perceptions regarding SSBs at four hospitals in Nasiriyah City, Thi-Qar Governorate / Iraq. The hospitals included were Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital, Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Bint Al-Huda Teaching Hospital, and Al-Haboubi Teaching Hospital. This study was conducted from August 15, 2024, to January 20, 2025. Results: Most participants (92.7%) acknowledged the high sugar content of SSBs. Furthermore, 62.8% of respondents thought manufactured sugars were worse than natural ones. Additionally, only 26.8% of participants had a good awareness score, 28.9% had a poor knowledge score, and 44.3% had a fair knowledge score. The urgent need to improve health awareness in this area is highlighted by the fact that this level of knowledge is insufficient to improve the overall score to good. Furthermore, the study's findings show no statistically significant correlation between the overall cognitive score and specific sociodemographic traits (such as age groups, gender, and place of residence). On the other hand, other sociodemographic factors (such as educational level, socioeconomic status, and BMI categories) showed a statistically significant correlation, with a p-value of less than 0.001 for each of these parameters. Conclusions: Based on the results, it can be concluded that about half of the participants show a moderate level of understanding regarding SSBs. Factors such as participants' educational levels, occupational statuses, and body mass index (BMI) categories are crucial influences on their knowledge.
Evaluation, Knowledge, Perceptions, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Adult, Nasiriyah Hospitals, BMI
Ahmed S N Al-Aboudi, Jabbar T Ahmed, Wisam A A Farid
Lipid Profile and DNA Fragmentation Index in Abnormal Semen and Normal Semen
Section: Biology Categories: Biology Keywords: Semen quality, lipid profile, DNA fragmentation, and male infertility Male infertility exists as a complex medical issue which depends on multiple physiological and biochemical factors particularly lipid metabolism and genetic integrity. The research evaluated how lipid profile characteristics relate to DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in Iraqi men who have either normal or abnormal semen test results. The study enrolled 90 male participants who included 46 men with normal semen characteristics between ages 20 to 45 and 44 men with abnormal semen parameters. Semen samples underwent analysis for standard parameters and lipid profile and DFI. The aberrant semen group displayed elevated triglyceride (TG) levels at 19.32±5.60 mg/dl which exceeded normal group levels at 14.50±4.62 mg/dl (P<0.01). The analysis revealed no significant variation between cholesterol (CHO) levels (P=0.410) but LDL levels of the aberrant semen group (6.38±4.12 mg/dl) significantly diverged from the normal group levels (9.03±3.43 mg/dl with P<0.01). The DNA fragmentation index (DFI) levels of the aberrant semen group exceeded those of the normal semen group by a significant margin (31.66±16.15% versus 13.54±9.49%, P<0.01). This indicates that men with poor semen quality typically present with sperm DNA damage. The research findings suggest that abnormal lipid metabolism together with increased DNA fragmentation plays a role in male infertility development particularly among men with abnormal semen analysis results.
Semen quality, lipid profile, DNA fragmentation, and male infertility
Ghadeer Ridha Mhaibes and Sahib Yahya Al-Murshidi
Study effect of age in Prostatic Hyperplasia, Prostate Cancer Patients and male infertility
Section: Medical Sciences Categories: Medical Sciences Keywords: Prostate Hyperplasia, Prostate Cancer, Age Distribution, BMI, semen analysis Methods: The study aimed to assess the age, BMI, Period of _Infertility Counts, types of infertility distribution of patients diagnosed with prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer in Najaf, Iraq. The data was categorized into two age groups: less than 40 years and more than 40 years. BMI was categorized into two groups: less than 25 kg/m^2 and more than 25 kg/m^2. The Chi-square test evaluated statistical significance to analyze how prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer affected distribution patterns of azoospermia, asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia, oligozoospermia, and unexplained infertility. Results: A significant association was found between age and prostate condition (X2 = 48.21, P = 0.0001). Prostate cancer was significantly more prevalent in men over 40 (77.3%), while Prostate Hyperplasia was observed in both age groups, with a slightly higher percentage in men under 40 (51.7%). No statistically significant association was found between BMI and the presence of prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer. The BMI distribution was similar between the two groups, with a slightly higher prevalence of normal/healthy weight (BMI < 25 kg/m^2) in both conditions. No statistically significant association was found between "Period_of Infertility Counts" and the presence of prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer. The distribution of "Period_Infertility Counts" was similar between the two groups. Research established an important connection between infertility type and prostate condition occurrence. "Unexplained Infertility" was the most common type in both prostatic hyperplasia(84.5%) and prostate cancer (50.0%). However, the distribution of other infertility types differed significantly between the two groups. Older age (OR = 3.64, p = 0.024), fertile periods greater than 5 years (OR = 4.87, p = 0.035), azoospermia (OR = 28.00, p = 0.005), and a combination of asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, and oligozoospermia (OR = 9.62, p = 0.0001) were significantly associated with increased odds of "P. Cancer a." BMI and fertile periods between 5.1 and 10 years were not significantly associated.
Prostate Hyperplasia, Prostate Cancer, Age Distribution, BMI, semen analysis
DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF ASTHMATIC PATIENTS IN SOUTHERN REGION OF IRAQ
Section: Medical Sciences Categories: Medical Sciences Keywords: Asthma, Prevalence, Severity Background: In recent years, asthmatic patients recorded a high prevalence worldwide. The aim of the study was to address knowledge gaps in asthmatic cases with combination of factors affecting the epidemiology of the disease in Southern region of Iraq. A cross-sectional study had been done from October 2024 until April 2024. A total of 250 asthmatic patients from Southern regions in Iraq aged from 7 years to 80 years, with and without recurrent respiratory infections. In addition to patients who have been diagnosed by specialized clinicians and registered at Thi Qar Center for respiratory diseases (TQLD) and evaluated through follow up visits. Results recorded a non-significant difference between patients according to sex and age group. High significant differences with P-value less than 0.001 have been scored in non-smoker patients, Patients with three respiratory tract infections (RTI), disease severity, duration of disease less than 1 year, patients who have four sibs, patients who were the third order between sibs, and patients who have no family history for asthma. Conclusion: Knowledge gaps have been well addressed in studied asthmatic cases.
Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in Conjunctivitis: Efflux Pumps and Virulence Factors
Section: Medical Sciences Categories: Medical Sciences Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Conjunctivitis, Efflux Pumps, Virulence Factors Pink eye or conjunctivitis remains one of the most widespread eye infections where Staphylococcus aureus which is both virulent and antibiotic-resistant stands among several infecting pathogens as a Gram-positive bacterium. This study aimed to characterize S. aureus in conjunctivitis, focusing on antimicrobial susceptibility Patterns, efflux pumps and virulence genes. The researchers obtained 150 sample collections from patients experiencing symptoms of conjunctivitis at From Al-Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital along with Al-Haboubi General Hospital in Ophthalmology Consultant at Dhi Qar Governorate in Iraq throughout August to December 2024. These samples received culture on blood, chocolate, and MacConkey agar media. Of the isolates, 34 (40%) were typed as S. aureus by the Vitek2 compact system. Antibiotic susceptibility testing indicated resistance in some of the isolates, and further assessment of efflux pump activity was performed by the ethidium bromide cartwheel method. Of the 20 resistant isolates, 7 (20.6%) were found to have efflux pump activity. Molecular analysis by PCR identified the presence of three virulence genes sigB, katG, and clfA in all efflux-positive isolates. The genes perform multiple functions which include stress response together with oxidative defense and host adhesion mechanisms and specifically contribute to S. aureus pathogenicity of conjunctivitis. The article highlights S. aureus's survival and adaptation through antibiotic resistance and virulence factor mechanisms and producing difficulties in bacterial conjunctivitis control.
Screening of The Bioactive Composition in Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Tamarind fruit (Tamarindus indica) using GC-MS
Section: Biology Categories: Biology Keywords: Edible tamarind plant, GC-MS Analysis, Bioactive composition This look at aimed to discover the bioactive compounds in tamarind (Tamarindus indica) fruits using aqueous and ethanolic extracts. GC-MS analyses revealed quite a few compounds found in those extracts. Tamarind is a tropical plant native to Africa but broadly cultivated globally. It is known for its nutrient-wealthy houses and numerous health blessings. It is thought for its nutrient-rich houses and numerous health benefits. In latest years, interest in herbal antioxidants and their role in ailment prevention and treatment has grown. Tamarind consists of an excessive attention of polyphenols and flavonoids, which can be presumed to be the primary materials liable for its powerful antioxidant houses. The phenolic compounds in tamarind make contributions to heart and immune health, along with their antimicrobial and antineoplastic consequences. Flavonoids found in numerous parts of the plant are also recognized for their anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and lipid-lowering homes, making them beneficial inside the control of several fitness conditions. This study investigates the bioactive compounds in tamarind and their associated organic activities.
Suaad Mohsen Jassim and Saher Mahmood Jwad
Comparison study of AMH levels and BMI in polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Section: Medical Sciences Categories: Medical Sciences The ovarian follicles generate the hormone known as AMH(Anti-Müllerian hormone). The hormone AMH shows higher levels in patients who have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The research investigates the connection between AMH hormone levels in PCOS patients through hormone analysis of women with the syndrome versus a control group. AMH levels are measured to assess the ovary's capacity to generate eggs, which is advantageous for reproductive treatments, and to diagnose PCOS by identifying an increased number of tiny follicles. The current study included 90 Iraqi women (aged 18-40 years): 46 with PCOS and a control group of 44 healthy women. Blood samples were taken from the study participants to evaluate the levels of certain hormones, including AMH. The following parameters were studied: AMH levels were significantly elevated in both normal weight and overweight/obese PCOS women compared to their respective control groups. This is a hallmark of PCOS, reflecting increased ovarian follicle count. The p-value of 0.015* shows this for normal weight PCOS vs. normal weight control group. AMH (ng/ml) (Anti-Müllerian Hormone): levels are significantly p ≤ 0.05 higher in PCOS women
Awareness of Needle Stick Injuries and Blood Borne Disease Transmission: A Focused Study
Section: Medical Sciences Categories: Medical Sciences Keywords: Awareness, Blood Borne Pathogen, HCWs, NSI Background: Needle stick injuries (NSIs) provide a considerable occupational risk for healthcare workers (HCWs), exposing them to blood borne viruses like HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Understanding and compliance with infection prevention protocols are essential for reducing these hazards. Objective: This research seeks to assess healthcare workers' understanding, habits, and views of needle stick injuries and to determine the variables affecting their compliance with preventative measures. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional research study with 400 healthcare workers from various health facilities. We gathered data using standardized questionnaires that focused on demographic factors, functional roles, awareness, practices, and NSI views. Result: The majority of participants were aged 20–29 years (62.5%), mostly male (70.8%), and resided in metropolitan regions (75.8%). Moderate awareness levels were seen in 54.8% of healthcare workers, accompanied by notable deficiencies in knowledge of viral survival periods. Good behaviors were noted in 59.2% of participants, especially for infection control measures such as hand cleanliness and sharps disposal. Conclusion: The study found that most healthcare workers have a moderate level of awareness about needle stick injuries.
Awareness, Blood Borne Pathogen, HCWs, NSI
Ali K. Jassem, Wissam A. A. Fareed, Dhyaa S. Hamed
Isolation and genetic diagnosis of local isolate Enterococcus faecium with evaluation of inhibitory against bacterial pathogens
Section: Medical Sciences Categories: Medical Sciences Keywords: Enterococcus faecium, PCR, Antibacterial, pathogens Objective: Isolation the bacteria from food source has a probiotic characterization and evaluate the inhibitory activity against bacterial pathogens. Methods: Lactic acid bacteria from various sources are isolated by the MRS-CaCO3Agar medium, the isolates were purified and microscopic, biochemical were tested. The antibacterial activity of cell free supernatant (CFS) against Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli also testing. The isolate was selected based on high inhibitory activity and genetic diagnosis were performed. Results: the highest inhibitory diameter against Gram-positive bacteria was recorded with a diameter of 13 mm to Staph aureus. The results showed that the bacterial isolate Gram positive, immobile, negative for catalyze, Esculin hydrolysis, and CO2 production from glucose, grows at 10- 45⸰C, 2- 6.5% Nacl, and at pH 4.5- 6.9. It had the ability to ferment of sucrose, mannitol, arabinose, sorbitol and xylose. The diagnosis of isolation has been genetically confirmed to the species Enterococcus faecium. Conclusion: The E. faecium can be considered as probiotics in a safe manner to adaptive immune, in addition to the possibility of using it as a potential source of natural antibacterial agent in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Enterococcus faecium, PCR, Antibacterial, pathogens
The use of Matricaria chamomilla aqueous extract as a treatment of mouse eyes experimentally infected with Acanthamoeba Castellani
Section: Medical Sciences Categories: Medical Sciences Keywords: : Matricariachamomilla, plantextract, Acanthamoeba The protozoan Acanthamoeba can significantly damage vision. It enters eye through contaminated contact lenses or water and, immediately kills target cells. This study aimed to use Matricaria chamomilla aqueous extract as a treatment for Acanthamoeba castellani experimentally infected mouse eyes. Samples of Matricaria chamomilla plants were acquired from nurseries in the Basrah Province. Following the preparation of plant extracts, gas contact mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the active components, showing that aqueous plant extract of Matricaria chamomilla included active substances like alkaloids, phenols, tannins, glycosides, and flavones. Corneal scrapings were collected from patients in Basrah Teaching Hospital. The isolated protozoan has been morphologically classified in the collected specimens to the genus level depending on cyst morphology, given the genus A. Castellani. Plant extracts from Matricaria chamomilla have been examined in vivo for their capacity to destroy Acanthamoeba cells. Acanthamoeba trophozoites (6 x 104 cells per ml) were inoculated into the eyes of healthy BALB/C mice (Mus musculus) and used for histological tests. The effects of Matricaria chamomilla aqueous plant extract on mice with healthy eyes showed that the epithelial layer healed, returning to its standard histological structure, and the protozoa went away.
: Matricariachamomilla, plantextract, Acanthamoeba
Zainab A. Abdulbaki, Shaimaa A. Alsamir, Nasir Abd Ali Almansour
The composition of mother’s and formula milk and their impact on the health and growth characteristics of infants in Basrah City, Iraq
Section: Medical Sciences Categories: Medical Sciences Keywords: Mothers milk, formula milk, Growth characteristics Objective: a descriptive and practical study was conducted on a random sample of 150 infants had taken from child health care centers in Basrah governorate (Iraq), who fed on breast milk or dried formula milk and involved males with females at age 1month old and they were followed for the full 12 months of their lives to show the impact of the milk type on the child’s health , growth and body characteristics. Results: The most remarkable results showed that all infants were had their own vaccines. 40.9% of breastfed babies were dynamically active , while 100% of formula lactation babies were inactive and lethargic . All breastfed babies were not refuse suckles from mother breast while formula fed babies were refuse. Also , 27.3% of breastfeeding babies had diarrhea and vomiting compared to 72.7% who didn’t had , whereas an opposite ratios 75% , 25% was in formula feeding babies . Moreover , 27.3% of breastfed babies were had a walking delay compared to 67.9% of formula fed babies. In body measurements, the breastfeeding babies were gain weight more over formula lactation babies, where the average weight gain was 12-18gm in 4-20 weeks and increased to 46gm in 48 weeks post-birth. In favor of breastfed infants, the head perimeter growth rate was 2-3 cm between the months of 5-12 and the rate of increasing body length was 4-5 cm per month , along full year of their age. Conclusions: Mother's milk ensures a healthy and optimal infant diet that meets all of the infant's nutritional needs that help the child grow more efficiently in terms of motor and skill activity, as well as psychological and cognitive development, which is socially reflected by improved parent-child relationship. It has a strong effect on naturally increasing of weight, height and head size, increases immunity and prevents diseases such as scurvy and rickets.
Mothers milk, formula milk, Growth characteristics
Abdulmutalib A. Mohammed; Anwaar Y. Hussein; Sara H.M.Shareef ; Zainab A. Ali
Evaluation the Some Mechanical and Surface Properties of Denture Base Material Fabricated by 3D-Printer when provide of ZrO2 and TiO2 Nanoparticles Systematic Review in Vitro Studies
Section: Physics Categories: Physics Abstract's Integrate dentistry and informatics have emerged in the emergence of anew technology like 3d printing. The objective of study was evolution the effective of nanoparticles on some importance mechanical properties for the base of denture which made by3d printing. Procedure of work was in first collected, analyzed, and relevant articles were chosen, the general databases were searched for articles published that appeared between 2010 and 2024, we grouped relevant search terms together, such as3D-printerdenture base, nanoparticles, mechanical test This review was develop using the literature search was performed with PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE databases, until 30 June 2024. Printing resin presented the values of the flexural strength, tensile and impact strength were improved by addition with limited concentration of ZrO2 and TiO2 compared between them while indirect tensile and hardness appeared different results. The roughness not appeared any different value.
Boosting of Innate Immunity and Induction of Trained Immunity through IgY in Chicks
Section: Agriculture Categories: Agriculture Keywords: Innate Immunity , Trained Immunity, Chicks To allow poultry to be produced with good producibility and safety with high-quality products, the avian immune system is essential. Vaccinations, feed supplements, and other treatments have been shown to improve innate immunity in a variety of animals throughout the last ten years. Based on this study, it is demonstrated whether synthetic IgY might effectively induce trained innate immunity in chickens to improve their defense mechanisms against viral infection. This study made use of 120 one-day-old chicks and assigned them to six categories; G1, chicks were given only natural ration and water; G2, chicks were treated with ND vaccine; Groups 3,4, and 5 were treated with IgY orally, IM, and SQ respectively; G6, chicks were treated orally by IgY+ND vaccine, all treatment done at 12th days old, after 3 weeks the blood has been collected and Hemagglutination inhibitions (HI) test performed for all chicks’ groups. The body weight significantly (P≤0.5) increased in week one and week two in groups that received IgY orally and synergistic group vs. the other group, while in week three, all groups that received IgY, more specifically oral route showed highly significant (P≤0.5) increasing vs. to the other groups. The IgY increased immunity in chicks after each challenge significantly vs. the other groups including the ND vaccine group, followed by the synergistic group also showed a peak in immunity (P≤0.5). According to the study, broiler chicks given chicken IgY had higher HI titters and higher protection rates, and the oral IgY produced better outcomes.
Sazan Q. Amin, Snur M. A. Hassan, Nadia A. Salih , Zhilan H. Yaba, Rizgar R. Sulaiman
أهمية اللغة العربية وعناصر التعبير الكتابي في كتابة الحكم القضائي في قانون المرافعات المدنية
Section: Articles فهم التشريع واإلحاطة بمعانيه وتحديد مقاصده وغاياته ال يكون فقط بمعرفة اللغة وانما بإتقانها، باعتبار ان التشريع يتمثل في قواعد مسكوبة في قوالب لغوية ومبادئ موضوعية في أطار لغوي. ومن هنا فإ ّن اتقان المشتغلين من رجال القانون باللغة العربية ليس ضروريا فحسب وانما هي أمٌر حتمي، ونعني هنا هي اللغة الرسمية الفصيحة بكل تراكيبها ومستوياتها وظواهرها واشتغاالها. وكثيرا ما صادفنا ووقفنا على حاالت تكتنفها اخطاء قضائية وإجرائية , جراء فقدان المعرفة بجوانب ودقائق اللغة , فكان إلتقان اللغة العربية أحد المهارات األساسية المطلوب توافرها بمن يمارس مهنة القانون, ولع َّل لغتنا العربية من أقوى اللغات في أساليب التعبير فضالً عن أساليب اإلقناع بحكم معانيها ودالالتها ونظم تركيبها, فالقاضي وما يصدر من أحكام قضائية يكون , , فهو يعبّر عن هذه األحكام من خالل اللغة, ويُصيغ األحكام عن طريقها أيضاً دور اللغة فيها واضحاً وجليّاً وليس القاضي فحسب وانما المحامي أيضا جدير بأن يحسن استعمال وسيلة االتصال في مرافعاته وآراءه القانونية, خاصة ان الصياغة القانونية للنصوص تعتمد المصطلحين اللغوي واالصطالحي, كذلك مهنة المحاماة ّ تحتاج لخبرة واسعة في مجال اللغة وأكثر لزوما الستعمال ع المنطق والتعبير من خالل اللغة. ثم انه بقدر تضل المشرع والقاضي في معرفة اللغة العربية تكون قدرته على فهم النصوص وادراك معانيها القريبة والبعيدة , وليس المعنى ذلك ان يعرف الواحد منهم فهم اللغة معرفة أئمتها, وانما يكفيه منها القدر الالزم لفهم النصوص التشريعية فهما . ً سليما يُمّكنه من معرفة المراد منها
Copyright (c) 2021 Al-Kunooze Scientific Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
استخدام مدخل التكاليف على أساس األنشطة الموجهة بالوقت ABC-TD ألغراض الرقابة
Section: Articles Keywords: التكاليف على أساس النشاط )ABC)، التكاليف على أساس األنشطة الموجهة بالوقت )-TD ABC)، الرقابة، خرائط العملية. يهدف البحث أي بيان إمكانية استخدام مدخل التكاليف على أساس األنشطة الموجهة بالوقت ABC-TD وقدرته على تحديد الطاقة غير المستغلة والوقت الفعلي لألنشطة مما يؤدي إلى تعزيز فعالية نظام الرقابة. كما أن رسم خارطة العملية يعزز من عملية الرقابة على تنفيذ األنشطة. وتمثل البحث في دراسة حالة لشركة ابن ماجد العامة التي ال تزال تعتمد أنظمة المحاسبة التقليدية، حيث ظهرت األنظمة المحاسبية الحديثة لمعالجة القصور في األنظمة التقليدية والمشكالت التي تواجها والتغلب على عدم الدقة في احتساب تكاليف المنتج/الخدمة وتخصيص التكاليف غير المباشرة. حيث تبنت الدراسة مدخل التكاليف على أساس األنشطة الموجهة بالوقت ABC-TD ودوره في عملية الرقابة من خالل توفيره معلومات دقيقة عن الوقت المستغرق لكل نشاط وكمية الموارد المستغلة واستبعاد الطاقة غير المستغلة لكل نشاط. ومن أهم االستنتاجات التي توصل اليها الباحثان أن تطبيق مدخل ABC-TD يؤدي إلى تخصيص التكاليف الغير مباشرة بصورة أكثر دقة وتخفيضها نسبيا،ً باإلضافة إلى تحديد الطاقة العملية واستبعاد الطاقة غير المستغلة وتحديد الوقت الذي تستهلكه األنشطة مما يُمكن نظام الرقابة على التكاليف والعمليات اإلنتاجية من تأدية مهامه بفاعلية.
التكاليف على أساس النشاط )ABC)، التكاليف على أساس األنشطة الموجهة بالوقت )-TD ABC)، الرقابة، خرائط العملية.
تقييم فاعلية نبات الشمبالن )الشلنت( المخمر في مكافحة مرض موت بادرات الباميا المتسبب عن الفطر Kuhn solani Rhizoctonia وشبه الفطر .sp Pythium
Section: Articles Keywords: الخمبىة/السماد المخمر/شب الفطر/النتروجيث أجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات قسم وقاية النبات/ كلية الزراعة/ جامعة البصرة . حيث اظهرت نتائج تجربةةة ا صةةةض أة الةةافة الخةةمبىة المخمةةر الةةى التربةةةة بنسةةبة %15خفةةن مةةث التةةبيير السةةلبي للفطةةةر solani Rhizoctonia وشةب الفطةر sp Pythium. اذ بلغةت نسةبة لننبةات 53.3 و%50 علةى التةلالي قياسةا 36.7 و%30 لمعاملةة الماارنةة علةى التةلالي . أة للفطةرsolani Rhizoctonia وشةب الفطةر sp Pythium. تبييرا والحا في خفن النسبة المئلية نبات بذور الباميا اذ انخفضت نسبة ا نبات مث %73.3 في التربةة ييةر الملليةة بالممرلةيث الةى 36.7 و%30 فةي التربةة الملليةة بهمةا علةى التةلالي . ا اة الةافة الخةمبىة المخمةر خفن مث التبيير السلبي لكى الممرليث اذ ارتفعت نسبة انبات البذور في التربة المللية بةالفطر Rhizoctonia solani مث %36.7 الى 49.7 و50 و %50 في التربة المضاف لها الخمبىة المخمر بنسبة 5 و10 و15 % ، كما ارتفعت نسبة انبات البذور في التربة الملليةة بخةب الفطةر sp Pythium. مةث %30 الةى 53.3 و50 و53.3 % في التربة المضاف لها الخمبىة المخمر وبنسبة 5 و10 و15 .% احتلاء السماد المخمر لنبات الخمبىة علةى نسبة جيدة مث النتروجيث و الفسفلر و البلتاسيلم اذ بلغت 4.375 و0.24 و0.9 % على التلالي.
الخمبىة/السماد المخمر/شب الفطر/النتروجيث
دراسة عمق التلف الحراري الناتج من تفاعل ليزر ثنائي اوكسيد الكاربون مع جلد الجرذان المختبرية واختيار المعلمات االنسب للقدرة الليزرية ومعرفة العالقة بين زمن التعرض والقدرة المستخدمة
Section: Articles Keywords: عمق التلف الحراري, تفاعل ليزر ثنائي اوكسيد الكاربون مع جلد الجرذان المختيرية. استعمل ليزر ثنائي اوكسيد الكاربون الباعث للطول الموجي )nm 10600 )في تعريض جلد الجرذان 2 لغاية �????�/W 50.13 2 المختبرية. استخدمت في هذه الدراسة كثافات قدرة ليزرية امتدت من �????�/W 20.64 اما عدد الجرذان المختبرية المستخدمة فكان ثالثون من نوع dawley-Sprague اخذت من الذكور بأوزان تتراوح بين )250-300( غرام وعمر يتراوح بين )10-12( اسبوع .قسمت هذه الحيوانات الى ثالث مجاميع كل مجموعة تضم 10 جرذان , المجموعة االولى عرضت الى كثافات قدرة ليزرية مختلفة وزمن تعريض ثابت 15 ثانية, تركت جرذان هذه المجموعة لمدة خمسة ايام بعد تعريضها لألشعة الليزرية. في المجموعة الثانية استعملت نفس القيم السابقة لكثافات القدرة والفترة الزمنية ولكن ازيل الجلد من هذه المجموعة مباشرة بعد التعريض 2 لألشعة الليزرية. عرضت المجموعة الثالثة من الجرذان لكثافات قدرة ليزرية ثابتة مقدارها �????�/W 29.50 وقد تم تغير زمن التعرض للفترة من 10 الى 40 ثانية, اما جحلد السيطرة فقد تم انتزاعة من نفس الجرذ من المنطقة الغير معرضة لألشعة الليزرية علما ان امنطقة المعرضة لليزر كانت منطقة الظهر بعد ازالة الشعر من هذه المنطقة , المسافة بين الليزر وبين المنطقة المعرضة ثابتة cm 10 . اخذت خزع جلدية لمجاميع السيطرة والمجاميع المعرضة لغرض الفحص النسيجي.
عمق التلف الحراري, تفاعل ليزر ثنائي اوكسيد الكاربون مع جلد الجرذان المختيرية.